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Squint is the misalignment of eyes, and the mutually coordinated movement of both eyes is absent. Therefore, its seen as crossed eyes by the patient. There are different types of squint. In esodeviation, the eyes turn inwards; in exodeviation the eyes turn outwards; in vertical deviations the eyes turn upwards or downwards and in mixed types there are one or more deviations clubbed together.

The exact cause of squint is not really known. The movement of each eye is controlled by six muscles. Each of these muscle acts along with its counterpart in the other eye to keep both the eyes aligned properly. A loss of coordination between the muscles of the two eyes leads to misalignment. This misalignment may be the same in all directions of gaze, or in some conditions the misalignment may be more in one direction of gaze.

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Sometimes a refractive error hypermetropia (long sight) may lead to inward deviation of the eye. Poor vision in an eye because of some other eye disease like cataract, etc. may also cause the eye to deviate. Therefore it is important in all the cases of squint, especially in children, to have a thorough eye check-up to rule out any other cause of loss of vision.

Under normal circumstances, when both the eyes have good vision and they are aligned properly, they focus on the same object. Each of the eyes sends picture of the same object, viewed from a slightly different angle. These two images reach the brain, where they are fused to form a single three-dimensional picture with depth perception. This is known as binocular single vision.

When the eyes are not aligned properly, each of the eyes is focusing on a different object and sends signal to the brain. These two different images reaching the brain lead to confusion and may have either of the two effects. A child would ignore the image coming from the deviated eye, and thus sees only one image. But in the process, he loses the depth perception. This suppression of the image from the deviating eye results in poor development of vision in this eye and is known as amblyopia. Adult cannot ignore the image from either eye, and therefore has double vision. This can be very annoying and may interfere with work.

TREATMENT MODALITY

Squint can be managed easily in most of the cases. Get yourself examined today. PRESCRIPTION GLASSES – In accommodative squint, the deviation of the eyes decreases after the patient starts wearing glasses. This type of squint does not need any surgery. SURGERY – In non-accommodative squints, surgery is advised to correct the crossing of eyes. The type of surgery depends on the type of squint present in the eye. Squint surgery is an extraocular surgery, and it involves adjusting the muscles of the eye. SUTURELESS SURGERY – In sutureless surgery, the outer layer of the eye is sealed with Tissue glue instead of sutures. This gives lot of comfort to the patient as it avoids irritation arising from the sutures.

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